how historical narratives shape our perception, media's role in framing public understanding, and how empathy and awareness can counteract bias—are central to the works of scholars and activists like Noam Chomsky, Deepa Kumar, Arundhati Roy, and Jonathan Lyons in Lost History. Here’s a summary of how these writers address these ideas: 1. Jonathan Lyons - Lost History: The Enduring Legacy of Muslim Scientists, Thinkers, and Artists Lost History reexamines the contributions of Islamic civilization to science, medicine, and the arts, especially during the medieval period. Lyons argues that Western histories have long minimized or ignored these achievements, fostering a biased view of Islamic civilization. By reclaiming this “lost history,” Lyons challenges readers to confront the selective nature of historical narratives that shape Western perspectives on Islam and the Muslim world. Lyons’ work highlights that a more balanced understanding of history can counteract misconceptions and